Film anal libre

Description:There are two broad classes of potentiometric electrodes: Potentiometric electrodes can be designed to respond to molecules by using a chemical reaction that produces an ion whose concentration can be determined using a traditional ion-selective electrode. Other forms of polarography include normal pulse polarography, differential pulse polarography, staircase polarography, and square-wave polarography, all of which use a series of potential pulses. Amperometry is most often used in the construction of chemical sensors for the quantitative analysis of single analytes. In voltammetry we measure the current in an electrochemical cell as a function of the applied potential. There are several different voltammetric methods that differ in terms of the type of working electrode, how we apply the potential, and whether we include convection stirring as a means for transporting of material to the working electrode.

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